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Exam Code: SAE-C01
Exam Name: Alibaba Cloud Certified Expert: Solutions Architect
Number of Questions: 100
Time Allotted: 120 minutes
Passing Marks: 80 out of 100 (80%)
Exam Format: Multiple-choice questions; available online or offline via Pearson VUE test centers (not available via OnVUE for overseas customers)
Languages: English

Security Services on Public Cloud
- Identity and Access Management (IAM)
- RAM (Resource Access Management): Centralized service for managing user identities- permissions- and roles. Supports fine-grained access control via policies (e.g.- JSON-based statements with actions- resources- and conditions).
- STS (Security Token Service): Temporary credential service for federated access- enabling short-lived tokens for secure API calls without long-term keys.
- MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication): Layered security requiring additional verification (e.g.- TOTP or SMS) for privileged accounts.
- Data Protection and Encryption
- KMS (Key Management Service): Managed hardware security module (HSM)-backed service for creating- rotating- and auditing cryptographic keys (symmetric/asymmetric- CMK - Customer Master Keys).
- SSE (Server-Side Encryption): Automatic encryption at rest for services like OSS; supports SSE-KMS for customer-managed keys.
- TDE (Transparent Data Encryption): Database-level encryption for RDS to protect data files without application changes.
- Threat Detection and Response
- Security Center (SC): Unified dashboard for vulnerability scanning- baseline checks- and real-time alerts on threats like malware or intrusions.
- WAF (Web Application Firewall): Layer-7 protection against OWASP Top 10 threats- including SQL injection- XSS- and CC attacks; uses managed rulesets and custom policies.
- Anti-DDoS (Anti-DDoS Pro/Basic): Traffic scrubbing service mitigating volumetric attacks up to 5 Tbps; includes SYN flood protection and blackhole activation.
- Compliance and Auditing
- ActionTrail: Logs API calls for auditing and compliance (e.g.- PCI DSS- HIPAA); supports trail delivery to OSS or Log Service.
- CloudMonitor: Metrics and alerts for security events- integrated with SLB and ECS for anomaly detection.

Storage Services on Public Cloud
- Object Storage
- OSS (Object Storage Service): S3-compatible storage for unstructured data; supports Standard- Infrequent Access (IA)- Archive- and Cold Archive tiers for cost efficiency.
- Multipart Upload: Parallel upload for large objects (>100 MB) to improve reliability and speed.
- Bucket Policies: ACLs and cross-account access using JSON conditions for read/write permissions.
- Block and File Storage
- ESS (Enhanced SSD): High-IOPS block storage for ECS; performance tiers (PL0-PL3) based on IOPS/throughput (e.g.- PL1: 50-500 MB/s).
- NAS (Network Attached Storage): NFS/SMB file system for shared access; supports Extreme NFS for low-latency workloads.
- Snapshot Service: Point-in-time copies for EBS volumes; incremental backups with rollback capabilities.
- Backup and Archival
- Hybrid Backup Recovery (HBR): Centralized backup for ECS- OSS- and on-premises; features vault-based storage and GRS (Geo-Redundant Storage).
- Data Lifecycle Management: Automated transitions (e.g.- OSS IA to Archive after 30 days) via rules to reduce costs.
- High-Performance Storage
- OSS-HPC: Parallel file system for AI/ML workloads; integrates with OSS for petabyte-scale data lakes.

Compute Services on Public Cloud
- Virtual Machines
- ECS (Elastic Compute Service): IaaS VMs with instance types (e.g.- ecs.g7: general-purpose- ecs.c7: compute-optimized); supports burstable performance (bPSU).
- Auto Scaling: Dynamic adjustment of ECS groups based on metrics (CPU >80%); integrates with SLB for HA.
- Security Groups: Stateful firewalls for inbound/outbound traffic rules at instance level.
- Serverless Compute
- FC (Function Compute): Event-driven- pay-per-use execution; supports custom runtimes (Node.js- Python) and triggers from OSS/SMS.
- EDAS (Enterprise Distributed Application Service): Middleware for Java apps with auto-scaling and zero-downtime deployments.
- Bare Metal and GPU Instances
- EBM (Elastic Bare Metal): Single-tenant instances for compliance; no hypervisor overhead.
- Elastic GPU Service (EGS): vGPU sharing for graphics-intensive tasks; types like gn6v (NVIDIA V100).
- Image and Deployment Management
- Custom Images: Built from snapshots; supports encrypted images for secure sharing.
- Deployment Sets: Fault isolation strategies (high-availability set- zone-disaster-recovery set) for multi-AZ resilience.

Public Cloud Architectures
- High Availability and Disaster Recovery
- RPO/RTO: Recovery Point Objective (data loss tolerance) and Recovery Time Objective (downtime tolerance); e.g.- synchronous replication for RPO=0.
- Multi-AZ Architecture: Spreading resources across Availability Zones within a region for 99.99% SLA.
- GSLB (Global Server Load Balancing): DNS-based traffic routing for global HA; health checks and weighted policies.
- Scalability Patterns
- Horizontal Scaling: Adding ECS instances via Auto Scaling groups; stateless design for loose coupling.
- Vertical Scaling: Instance type upgrades (e.g.- from c6 to c7) for CPU/memory bursts.
- Cost Optimization
- Savings Plans: Committed usage discounts (e.g.- 1/3-year terms) vs. Spot Instances for interruptible workloads.
- TCO Calculator: Tool for comparing on-premises vs. cloud costs- factoring in Reserved Instances (RI).
- Migration and Modernization
- Migrate to Cloud: Tools like Database Migration Service for lift-and-shift; re-architect for microservices.

Database Services on Public Cloud
- Relational Databases
- RDS (Relational Database Service): Managed MySQL/PostgreSQL/SQL Server; primary/secondary replication with semi-sync mode.
- ApsaraDB for RDS: High-availability edition with read replicas (up to 15) and auto-backup (7-732 days retention).
- Tair: In-memory caching (Redis-compatible); supports AOF/RDB persistence and cluster mode for 1M+ QPS.
- NoSQL and Big Data
- Table Store (OTS): Wide-column NoSQL for massive structured data; supports single-table partitioning and 10K+ ops/sec.
- PolarDB: Cloud-native RDBMS with shared storage; scales to 100 TB- 99.99% durability via log-based replication.
- Analytical Databases
- AnalyticDB: HTAP (Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing) for real-time queries; MPP architecture with 1 PB scale-out.
- Data Transmission Service (DTS): Real-time sync/migration between DBs; supports schema/table-level CDC (Change Data Capture).
- Backup and Performance
- Physical Backup: Block-level snapshots for RDS; cross-region DR with PITR (Point-in-Time Recovery).
- Performance Insights: Query optimization with slow log analysis and index recommendations.

Networking Services on Public Cloud
- Virtual Networking
- VPC (Virtual Private Cloud): Isolated network with CIDR blocks; supports IPv4/IPv6 and flow logs via SLS.
- VSwitch: Subnet within VPC for resource attachment; spans one AZ with route tables for inter-VSwitch routing.
- NAT Gateway: Outbound internet access for private subnets; SNAT/DNAT with EIP binding.
- Load Balancing and Acceleration
- SLB (Server Load Balancer): L4/L7 balancing; Classic (CLB) for intra-VPC- Application (ALB) for HTTP/HTTPS path routing.
- CDN (Content Delivery Network): Edge caching with dynamic acceleration; protocols like QUIC for reduced latency.
- GA (Global Accelerator): Any-cast EIP for traffic steering to nearest POP; integrates with SLB for 50% latency reduction.
- Connectivity and Peering
- VPN Gateway: IPsec/IKEv2 tunnels for site-to-site connectivity; supports BGP for dynamic routing.
- Express Connect: Private fiber links to on-premises; CEN (Cloud Enterprise Network) for multi-VPC/region peering.
- Cloud Firewall: Centralized policy enforcement across VPCs; threat intel feeds for east-west traffic.
- DNS and Monitoring
- Alibaba Cloud DNS: Authoritative/managed DNS with health checks; supports private zones for VPC resolution.

Cloud Native Services on Public Cloud
- Container Orchestration
- ACK (Alibaba Cloud Container Service for Kubernetes): Managed K8s with auto-upgrades; supports node pools (system/user) and CSI for storage.
- Container Registry (ACR): Docker OCI-compliant repo; Enterprise edition with vulnerability scanning and geo-replication.
- Helm Charts: Package manager for K8s apps; ACK integrates with ARGO for GitOps deployments.
- Serverless and Microservices
- Serverless App Engine (SAE): PaaS for Java/Node.js; auto-scales pods with traffic mirroring for canary releases.
- MSE (Microservices Engine): Service mesh with Istio-compatible governance; circuit breakers- rate limiting- and tracing via Jaeger.
- EventBridge: SaaS integration bus for event routing; sources like OSS uploads trigger FC functions.
- DevOps and Monitoring
- DevOps Platform: CI/CD with Jenkins integration; pipeline as code for blue-green deployments.
- ARMS (Application Real-Time Monitoring Service): APM for cloud native; traces requests across services with Prometheus metrics.
- Service Security
- CS (Container Security Service): Runtime protection with Falco rules; scans images for CVEs and enforces pod policies.

Hybrid Cloud
- Connectivity and Extension
- Cloud Enterprise Network (CEN): Global transit hub for hybrid peering; supports VBR (Virtual Border Router) attachments.
- Express Connect Circuit: Dedicated 1-100 Gbps links to data centers; low-latency (<10 ms) with SLA 99.95%.
- VPN Connect: Encrypted tunnels over public internet; supports dead peer detection for failover.
- Data Synchronization and Backup
- DataSync: Real-time file/folder sync between on-premises NFS and OSS/NAS; bandwidth throttling for hybrid DR.
- HBR (Hybrid Backup Recovery): Agent-based backups from physical servers to cloud vaults; deduplication and encryption.
- Management and Governance
- CloudMonitor Hybrid: Unified metrics for on-premises agents; alerts on cross-environment anomalies.
- Apsara Stack: On-premises Alibaba Cloud replica for regulated industries; supports hybrid ACK for consistent K8s.
- Workload Portability
- Server Migration Center (SMC): VM import from VMware/Hyper-V to ECS; block replication with minimal downtime.
- Edge Node: Outpost-like extension for low-latency inference; integrates ACK for hybrid container runs.