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Exam Code: VA-BC
Exam Name: VACC Vascular Access Board Certified (VA-BC)
Questions in Exam: 140 questions
Time Allotted: 3 hours
Passing Marks: 70% passing score.

DOMAIN CATEGORY I: Clinical Knowledge and Application
- Device Assessment and Selection
- Central venous access devices
- Peripheral intravenous devices
- Dialysis, apheresis and aquapheresis catheters
- Intraosseous devices
- Arterial catheters
- Pulmonary artery catheters
- Device characteristics (e.g., single versus multi-lumen devices, optimal insertion and tip location)

- Patient Assessment
- Vascular pathology (e.g., impact of disease processes on vascular access)
- Device selection (e.g., infusion therapy, alternative to IV placement, vesicants and osmolality)
- Patient specific characteristics (e.g., compromised skin integrity, product reaction) and resources to maintain vascular access devices
- Imaging technology (e.g., ultrasound, transillumination, fluoroscopy / venogram, chest x-ray)

- Preparation
- Infection prevention procedures, concepts and principles (e.g., sterile field, aseptic non-touch technique [ANTT], common pathogens)
- Anatomy and physiology
- Growth and development implications

DOMAIN CATEGORY I (continued): Clinical Knowledge and Application
- Insertion
- Vascular access device and insertion components
- Insertion techniques (e.g., Modified Seldinger)
- Flushing and locking solutions / procedures
- Imaging technology (e.g., ultrasound, infra-red, transillumination)
- Laboratory values relevant to device placement and maintenance
- Tip location and confirmation systems
- Engineered securement devices
- Complications and emergency interventions (e.g., inadvertent arterial puncture, pneumothorax, catheter tip malposition, nerve injury)

- Care and Maintenance of Vascular Access
- Insertion / exit site exam
- Lumen patency and catheter clearance (e.g., flushing protocol, occlusion therapy)
- Infusion equipment and add-on supplies (e.g., needleless connector)
- Dressing change procedure
- Patient / caregiver education
- Care plan throughout the healthcare continuum (e.g., catheter insertion information, care and maintenance instructions, patient restrictions)
- Vascular access device removal (e.g., removal length of PICC, removal complications, patient tolerance of removal procedure)

- Troubleshooting, Complications, and Interventions
- Post-insertion risks and complications (e.g., extravasation, thrombosis, infection, catheter tip migration, occlusion, nerve damage, phlebitis)
- Pharmacologic interventions (e.g., catheter clearance, antibiotic lock, ethanol lock, extravasation treatment)
- Catheter repair / exchange
- Other complications (e.g., central vein occlusion, internal fracture, compromised skin integrity)

DOMAIN CATEGORY II: Interpersonal and Communication Skills
- Interpersonal Communication
- Communication with patient / caregiver (e.g., risks, benefits and alternatives; device care; infection prevention)
- Communication with patient / caregiver with additional needs (e.g., developmental/ cognitive deficit, psychosocial concerns)
- Cultural competency (e.g., cultural and religious differences, family involvement, language barrier)
- Collaboration with patient's care team

- Mentoring and education
- Educational / staff development opportunities (e.g., quality improvement, hospital committees, early exam for vessel preservation)
- Infection control measures and techniques

DOMAIN CATEGORY III: Professional Development
- Evidence-based Practice and Continuing Education
- Evidence-based practice guidelines (e.g., AVA, INS, MAGIC, KDOQI, ACCP, SHEA)
- Process improvement initiatives and outcome evaluation (e.g., implementation of new techniques and / or products)
- Professional practice and development (e.g., seminars, webinars, conferences, certification)
- Critical analysis of published research (e.g., research methodologies)

DOMAIN CATEGORY IV: Legal and Ethical Considerations
- Legal Considerations
- Professional codes of conduct, professional guidelines, scope of practice and standards of care
- Legal principles in the practice of vascular access (e.g., consent, liability, HIPAA)
- Documentation requirements
- Manufacturer's guidelines for product use (e.g., Instructions for Use [IFUs], expiration dates, off-label use)
- Ethical Considerations
- Patient advocacy (e.g., patient preferences, end of life care)
- Reporting requirements (e.g., MAUDE database, Joint Commission [JC], state health department)
- Fiscal responsibility (e.g., accurate recording of charges, use of supplies and equipment, use of time)